That Time the Mediterranean Sea Disappeared
THEORY, of course The Mediterranean Sea Evaporated and Refilled Nearly 6 million years ago, tectonic shifts narrowed and eventually closed the ocean channels connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean. Cut off from its main water supply, the enclosed basin lost far more water to evaporation than it received from rainfall and rivers. The result was the Messinian Salinity Crisis. As the Mediterranean’s water level fell, much of the sea became a vast desert basin lying thousands of feet below the surrounding continents. Enormous salt deposits accumulated on its floor, while rivers such as the ancient Nile and Rhône carved deep canyons as they descended toward the shrinking water. Around 5.33 million years ago, Atlantic water breached the barrier near the Strait of Gibraltar and began pouring into the empty basin during the Zanclean Flood. The water carved a channel roughly 125 miles (200 km) long, with peak flow rates es...